Quyen song cua nguoi nhiem HIV


DI TIM QUYEN SONG VA QUYEN DUOC TON TRONG

CUA NGUOI NHIEM HIV


 


 


            CAC CHU VIET TAT


 


RM: Radiomessage (1941) – Su diep Truyen thanh


MM: Mater et Magistra (1961) – Thong diep Mau su


PT: Pacem in Terris (1963) – Thong diep Hoa binh tren the gioi


GS: Gaudium et Spes (1965) – Hien che Vui mung va Hy vong


JM: Justitia in Mundo (1971) – Tai lieu hau Thuong Hoi dong Cong ly tren The gioi


LE: Laborem Exercens (1981) – Thong diep Lao dong con nguoi


SRS: Sollicitudo Rei Socialic (1987) – Thong diep Quan tam den van de xa hoi


CA: Centesimus Annus (1991) – Thong diep Bach chu nien


SS: Spe Salvi (2007) – Thong diep Hy vong Kito giao


HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus la vi rut gay suy giam mien dich o nguoi.


AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome la hoi chung suy giam mien dich mac phai do HIV gay ra.


Luat phong, chong nhiem Vi rut gay ra hoi chung suy giam mien dich mac phai o nguoi HIV/AIDS (goi tat la Luat phong, chong HIV/AIDS).


 


Quyen con nguoi la gia tri nhan van co tinh lich su lau doi, noi dung rong lon, phuc tap va het suc nhay cam. Quyen con nguoi tro thanh khai niem quan trong, khong chi trong hien phap cua moi nuoc ma con la khai niem duoc de cao, ton trong trong cong uoc, luat le quoc te. Viet Nam da phe chuan nhieu cong uoc quoc te quan trong cong nhan cac quyen co ban cua con nguoi. Hien phap Viet Nam khang dinh: “Moi cong dan Viet Nam deu duoc huong cac quyen con nguoi va duoc phap luat Viet Nam bao ve.”


HIV/AIDS, mot de tai khong moi nhung van cu tro nen nong bong, cap bach boi so luong tang len tung ngay, tung gio; muc do lay nhiem cang ngay cang tre hoa; su ky thi, phan biet cua xa hoi cang gia tang, tu trong gia dinh den ngoai cong dong xa hoi, tu cac co so tu nhan den cac co so cua nha nuoc… boi nhan thuc cua cong dong xa hoi chua dung dan, tinh “si dien hao”[1] cua nguoi Viet da tao nen cai nhin lech lac ve can benh HIV/AIDS. Ho khong the chap nhan duoc su co mat cua nhung dua con nhiem benh trong gia dinh, nhung manh doi bat hanh mac phai AIDS. Lam sao giup ban than nguoi benh, gia dinh va toan the cong dong xa hoi hieu duoc quyen con nguoi, trong do pham gia khong the bi xem thuong duoi bat ky mot su bien ho nao; pham gia ay van con nguyen ven, day ap noi than xac don dau, tieu tuy dan vi Virus HIV? Lam sao de nguoi nhiem HIV va gia dinh ho co the song binh dang, chan hoa voi cai nhin thien cam, yeu thuong va chia se? Lam sao co the de cao quyen duoc song va chet dung voi pham gia la con nguoi, con Chua va la anh chi em trong cong dong nhan loai, cua nguoi nhiem HIV/AIDS? Lam sao co the mang lai binh an cho nguoi ra di ve voi Nguon Coi va ca nhung nguoi o lai, dang lu hanh?...


Dung truoc nhung thach do nay, moi nguoi chung ta khong the lam ngo, thoai thac trach nhiem lien doi. Boi su song la an ban va chi duoc trien no, thang tien, hoan thien trong su “lien he.” Su song se nen tron ven khi con nguoi dam mo long ra voi nhau va gan ket voi Dang la Nguon Su Song. Dieu nay buoc chung ta phai mang trach nhiem, tro nen lien luy voi so phan bat hanh cua anh chi em minh. “DI TIM QUYEN SONG VA QUYEN DUOC TON TRONG CUA NGUOI NHIEM HIV” nhu mot mong uoc gop them tia sang hy vong cho nguoi nhiem HIV va nguoi than cua ho binh an hon, khi phai don hanh trong dong doi bi che kin boi bao tuong rao phan biet va ky thi.


I. Co so ly luan


1. Cac khai niem


Tu dien tieng Viet, Quyen la dieu ma phap luat hay xa hoi cong nhan cho duoc huong, duoc lam, duoc doi hoi.


Quyen con nguoi (nhan quyen) la nhung dac quyen von co, tu nhien cua con nguoi va chi con nguoi moi co; la nhung kha nang hanh dong mot cach co y thuc, ne tranh, tu choi hay yeu cau gianh lay nhung cai gi do, nhat la kha nang tu bao ve. Day cung la quyen ma phap luat can phai thua nhan doi voi tat ca cac ca nhan ve nhung nhu cau, loi ich tu nhien va khach quan cua con nguoi duoc ghi nhan va bao ve trong phap luat quoc gia va cac thoa thuan phap ly quoc te.


Quyen song la quyen bat kha xam pham ve than the, duoc phap luat bao ho ve tinh mang, suc khoe, danh du va nhan pham.[1]


Ky thi la thai do khinh thuong hay thieu ton trong nguoi khac vi biet hoac nghi ngo nguoi do nhiem HIV, hoac vi nguoi do co quan he gan gui voi nguoi nhiem HIV hoac bi nghi ngo nhiem HIV.


Phan biet doi xu la hanh vi xa lanh, tu choi, tach biet, nguoc dai, phi bang, co thanh kien hoac han che quyen cua nguoi khac vi biet hoac nghi ngo nguoi do nhiem HIV, hoac vi nguoi do co quan he gan gui voi nguoi nhiem HIV hoac bi nghi ngo nhiem HIV.


HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) la vi rut gay suy giam mien dich o nguoi, lam cho co the suy giam kha nang chong lai cac tac nhan gay benh.


AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) la hoi chung suy giam mien dich mac phai do HIV gay ra, thuong duoc bieu hien thong qua cac nhiem trung co hoi, cac ung thu va co the dan den tu vong.


2. Cac nguyen tac nen tang


Khi noi ve quyen con nguoi, trong cong uoc quoc te, phan mo dau cho cac quyen dan su, chinh tri (ICCPR) ghi ro: “Tat ca moi nguoi deu co quyen song; Quyen binh dang truoc phap luat va duoc phap luat bao ve mot cach binh dang.”


Cac van kien, thong diep cua Giao hoi de cap den quyen song con nguoi JM. 25; GS. 37,3; MM. 192; PT. 34-38,45; Quyen loi va nghia vu cua con nguoi trong the gioi RM. 21; SRS. 26; LE. 22; CA. 22, 47; Quyen khong bi ky thi, phan biet doi xu Gs. 29; SS. 27. Thong diep “Pacem In Terris” cua Duc Gioan XXIII (11-04-1963) so 12 va 26 ghi ro “Moi nguoi deu co quyen song, quyen duoc ton trong ve nhan vi.” Duc Phaolo VI trong thong diep goi cho Lien Hiep Quoc (10-12-1973) ghi: “Giao hoi tuy luon quan tam den quyen loi cua Thien Chua truoc het, nhung Hoi thanh khong bao gio co the quen di quyen loi cua con nguoi, con nguoi da duoc tao dung theo hinh anh va giong voi Dang Tao Hoa. Hoi thanh cam thay nhu chinh minh bi thuong ton khi cac quyen cua con nguoi, bat ke quyen gi, va o bat cu cho nao bi coi re va bi xam pham.” Va Duc Gioan Phaolo II trong dien van tai UNESCO (02-06-1980) so 7 va 13 viet: “Nhan quyen la con nguoi, con nguoi trong toan the nguyen ven, con nguoi dang song giua cac gia tri vat chat va tinh than. Ton trong cac quyen can ban cua con nguoi la nen tang xay dung moi su.”


Hien phap (1992) la hien phap cua thoi ky doi moi, dac biet de cao va coi trong quyen va nghia vu co ban cua cong dan quy dinh: Moi nguoi deu binh dang truoc phap luat (Dieu 52); Cong dan co quyen bat kha xam pham ve than the, duoc phap luat bao ho ve tinh mang, suc khoe, danh du va nhan pham (Dieu 71); Quyen duoc hoc tap (Dieu 59; 66); Quyen duoc cham soc suc khoe (Dieu 61; 65).


Luat phong, chong nhiem Virus gay ra hoi chung suy giam mien dich mac phai o nguoi HIV/AIDS (goi tat la Luat phong, chong HIV/AIDS) qui dinh: Nguoi song chung voi HIV/AIDS co quyen “Song hoa nhap voi cong dong va xa hoi” (Diem a Khoan 1 Dieu 4); ”Khong ky thi, phan biet doi xu voi nguoi nhiem HIV va thanh vien gia dinh ho” nham “Tao dieu kien de nguoi nhiem HIV va thanh vien gia dinh ho tham gia cac hoat dong xa hoi, dac biet la cac hoat dong phong, chong HIV/AID.